Reinforcement Theory Essay

Q# 1: Identify the acts of association that are showing the use of support hypothesis? Answer 1. Concentrate on appropriate preparing before offering undertaking to the workers 2. Checking the exhibition of workers. 3. Plan of methodology, rules and guidelines in detail. 4. Severity in consistence of rules. Q# 2: You are required to propose a few proportions of encouraging feedback that can be actualized by the administration of Crisp and Soft eatery. Answer 1. The chief can begin a training to welcome the representatives and having charming discussion with the individuals who went ahead time at beginning of day and direct a little gathering with staff at shutting of day and lauded and express profound gratitude the individuals who performed great during the day. These practices will diminish late appearances and early leaver. 2. The administration can begin â€Å"Employee of the month† grant conspire in which at end of consistently letter of thankfulness alongside little money cost will be provide for the worker how performed well during the month. 3. A move of respect board ought to be kept up at noticeable spot in the café where everybody can see it. The photos of â€Å"Employee of the month† stuck on that board. Q# 3: Assess which level of Maslow’s progression of need the association is fulfilling for lower level staff and administrative level staff? Clarify Answer According to Maslow’s pecking order of need, there are following five degrees of human needs: I. Organic Need: The essential prerequisite for endurance of human body for example food, water, air and asylum and so on ii. Wellbeing Need: Protection from Cold, Heat, Sand, Storm, Earthquake, Animals, Enemies iii. Social Need: love, acknowledgment, having a place and so forth. iv. Confidence: Respect, rearrangement v. Self Actualization: testing undertakings, If there should arise an occurrence of lower level laborers the Crisp and Soft café the executives is fulfilling level 1 by giving free dinner and uniform, paying pay rates at sensible rate and level 2 by making HVAC game plan for laborers. If there should arise an occurrence of the board staff, the café the board is attempting to fulfilling level 3 alongside level 1 and 2 likewise, by giving great compensations (level 1), great workplace (level 2) and enrollment of social club of eatery to their staff(level 3) where they can go to get to assembles, family meals and so on.

A brief report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A concise report - Essay Example wn by numerous analysts and this was clear from the writing audit (Part B) that the pressure the board is something which should be overseen by the individual itself. Despite the fact that there are different variables that bring about the making of pressure yet they should be handled with the goal that the reactions of it tends to be evaded in future (Haider and Supriya, 2007). So as to adapt to the pressure, the third piece of the paper will reveal insight into the handy ramifications of stress the board. There are two overlays in the suggestions; one is identified with my own ramifications, how I obtained this expertise and the second is identified with its suggestion in the more extensive world which involves principally of the workplace. Before beginning the conversation on how I have figured out how to adapt up to my pressure issue, it is significant that I quickly diagram the misinterpretation that I had in my brain. The normal misstep that is found by numerous individuals is that they use despondency and stress reciprocally (Ballesteros and Whitlock, n.d.) yet in actuality both are entirely unexpected kind of psychological sicknesses (Gall et al., 2003). Misery is an extraordinary case wherein the individual experiencing it needs clinical treatment though stress is something that can happen in anyone’s life in day by day schedule, for example, arriving at school on schedule, going to the gathering, planning for the tests, managing the chief and some more (Gall et al., 2003). Hence, so as to beat my feeling of anxiety in my every day schedule, I followed the tips featured by Dr. Jenni (2007) and Osseck et al. (2004) which helped me to create successful procedures that I can apply at whatever point I feel pushed. The preeminent thing is dealing with the pressure is to distinguish the issue and I knew about the way that I used to get apprehensive and alarm a ton in distressing circumstance. At the point when I considered my conduct, I understood that I had two issues for example absence of self-assurance which ruined my correspondence and introduction aptitudes and insufficient administration

Biggest Mistakes Made by Freelancers (and How to Avoid them)

Biggest Mistakes Made by Freelancers (and How to Avoid them) For those of us who have been freelancers for a while, you can attest that it’s quite easy to make mistakes that can compromise your work and relationships with your clients. With minimal accountability and no one to delegate duties to, it is very easy to ruin an entire project and ruin your reputation, rocking the boat with your client.Chances are, if you have been freelancing for a while you have made quite a number of mistakes and if you are new to freelancing, chances are you will make yours in time.The truth is, even with a lot of guidance from the internet, ease of work due to technological advancements, and easily available information, there are errors that human beings are just prone to. As the old adage goes…  Human is to Error and mistakes are a part of our growing process.As a freelancer, some of the mistakes you will make will be small, for example, minor typos in your text, while other bigger ones may be detrimental to your career.The bottom line is mistakes have th e potential to set you back and damage your business.However, there is no reason to be too hard on yourself, mistakes will be made even in a conventional 9 to 5 job. The important thing is that you learn from each mistake in order to become a better freelancer and entrepreneur. In order to ensure that you don’t commit some of the most significant career-endangering mistakes, this article has compiled some of the biggest mistakes made by freelancers and how to avoid them yourself.You are receiving advice from someone who has made quite a number of the mistakes we will be discussing so pay attention and by the end of this article you will be able to avoid these costly errors in order to have a fruitful freelance career.BENEFITS OF BEING A FREELANCERThere are numerous reasons why a person will forgo a contemporary 9 to 5 job to become a freelancer. Its an idea, I am sure, you flirted with before, that’s why you’re reading this article right? You must also have/have had a lot of skepticism about the sustainability of this type of career right?The number of people and businesses hiring freelancers is on the rise because people are beginning to realize the benefits of freelancing and contracting remote expertise as opposed to hiring a permanent workforce. F reelancing is a very viable and attractive option for many people with key skills that are in demand in various markets today.But let’s forget about employers for now and focus on the freelancers (employees) themselves. What are some of the benefits of being a freelancer?FlexibilityIn my experience, we all have different productive hours. Some people are most productive during the day and can therefore handle a 9 to 5 job while other people like myself are most productive at night and these might be suited for a night shift job. There is also another category of people who have irregular and random productivity hours.Despite which category you fall under, whether you work better during the day, at night, or randomly, being a freelancer gives you the freedom and flexibility of adjusting your work schedule to accommodate your most suitable working period. Being a freelancer also allows you the freedom to abruptly interrupt the schedule you have in place.For example, your brother cal ls and says he will be in town with his new fiancée for a few hours and wants you all to have a long lunch to get to know each other. As a freelancer you will be able to readjust your schedule to fit in your lunch date while it would be impossible in a conventional job.Work-Life BalanceDue to the flexibility that freelancing offers, you are able to work from virtually any location. Whether you are at home, school, the train, a café… you can casually proceed with your tasks.This allows you a better work-life balance because it allows you to spend more time with your family, kids, friends, girlfriend/boyfriend… Freelancing offers you enough flexibility to do activities you love more often and spend time with the people who matter without having to compromise work.Higher PayIn a conventional 9 to 5 job, yes you understand that your employer must have worked really hard for several years to establish his business and place himself in the position that he is in.However, I am sure i t has crossed your mind that what your employer is charging clients and what he is paying you is significantly disproportional. It is quite possible that your employer is charging the clients over five times what he pays you.However, as a freelancer, you will be able to charge your client the exact worth of your work and pocket the profit after catering for expenses without having to be undercut by an employer. Additionally, as a freelancer, there is no monthly or weekly cap on your salary, your work is rewarded pro rata, that is, you are rewarded in accordance to the quality and quantity of your work.Therefore, the better the quality if your work and the more hours you put in, the higher your pay will be.AutonomyLet’s be honest, human beings value their freedom and you and I are no different. We love to be in control and we hate knowing that someone is in a position to boss us around simply because they are paying us.As a freelancer, you are answerable only to yourself… well th at is until you have completed your task, which is subject to review by your client, but other than that there is no supervisor constantly breathing down your neck from 9 to 5.As a freelancer, you get to plan your own time and do your work in comfortable independence and at the end of the day, it makes you feel good. This kind of autonomy is motivational, and when you are motivated you only need a little discipline, honesty, and consistency to excel in your work and maintain good client relations.Constant LearningGrowing in knowledge is extremely important, even as I’m writing this article you might think that I’m the teacher but I’m also realizing mistakes that I have been making as a freelancer.Also, in my time as a freelancer I have also gotten to learn diverse topics from fields I would have probably never encountered had I chosen a conventional line of work. For example, a website developer will spend decades doing the same kind of work, expanding knowledge in his field a s the times change but never knowing what ‘content production’ is all about.Being a freelancer keeps you on your toes, always expanding your skill set in order to be able to grow your client base by being proficient in different fields. Freelancing also keeps you on your toes in the sense that you have to keep up with changing market trends lest you risk becoming redundant in this field of work.Acquiring new and valuable information and learning new skills is beautiful and even if you ever decide to take up a conventional 9 to 5 job, your skill set will be so diverse you will be better positioned to land a job in comparison to a person who has persisted in a single field.Freelancing also teaches you important life skills that you might never acquire in a regular job. Have you ever wondered why certain people have good well-paying jobs that they maintain yet can’t seem to hold their personal life together?Well, once you have been a freelancer, you realize the importance of time , strategy, and discipline, which are applicable across all aspects of life. These people are able to hold the job because someone is always monitoring them and they’d hate to lose their job. But when it comes to life beyond work, you realize that it wasn’t discipline keeping them employed but fear.So when no one is looking they become reckless because the discipline isn’t inherent in them. Maintaining a happy client in such an autonomous working environment demands that you stay disciplined in your work and deliver high quality projects without anyone having to push you or threaten your job security. As a freelancer, you eventually adopt these qualities, ensuring your success not just in your work, but in your day-to-day life.Job SecuritySpeaking of job security… ordinary employees will constantly stress over theirs, wondering whether one mistake could be their last and wondering what the increasing unavailability of jobs in the market could mean to them. Ordinary employees will therefore hold on to their jobs regardless of whether or not they are satisfied in order to keep receiving that monthly salary.On the other hand, being a freelancer gives you the liberty to choose which clients to work with and which one to set aside while simultaneously allowing you to play a role in setting the terms of the contract as well as the payment plan with the client you choose to work with.Escaping Toxic EnvironmentsMost of us have been there, sour relationships, fake smiles, gossip, bullying, name it… all these things will be found in just about any work environment. Granted all of the above will be found even outside of the work environment but the difference between the outside world and the work environment is that you can choose to stay clear of these situations in the outside world.In a conventional job, however, you are stuck in this environment for about 8 hours in 5 or 6 days out of the week. And you wonder what causes work-related stress?It is even wors e for you if the person propagating such a toxic environment is your senior. However when you are a freelancer you have the power to create whatever kind of environment is most suitable for you.Maybe you like loud music around you when you are working, or you prefer to be out in nature, or you prefer the comfort of your own room… whatever your preference is, as a freelancer no one will be there to confine you to an environment you are not comfortable in, you get to choose your ideal environment.10 BIGGEST MISTAKES MADE BY FREELANCERS AND HOW TO AVOID THEMNobody’s perfect, unless you believe in a higher deity. Were all susceptible to mistakes and if were wise we learn from them, however, the wisest of us learn from the mistakes of others.‘A smart man learns from experience, a wise man learns from the mistakes of others.’   UnknownAgain, pay attention and internalize the mistakes we are about to discuss and especially be keen on how you can prevent yourself from making them wh ether you have fallen victim to them before or not.‘The only true wisdom is knowing that you know nothing.’   SocratesAs mentioned, as a freelancer, some mistakes will be more costly than others. In this part of the article I have compiled the mistakes I feel are the most detrimental to your freelancing career and client relationships.Let’s have a look at these mistakes, what you can learn from them, and how you can avoid them.Missing deadlinesThis is probably the biggest mistake you can make as a freelancer. Your ability to schedule your work and meet the deadlines set by your client is of the utmost importance.You, might be thinking, so what if you do not meet deadlines, isn’t it more important for you to deliver quality?   True, the quality of your work is very important but this does not mean that the client doesn’t expect that same high quality work at the agreed upon time, after all, it’s what he is paying for isn’t it?Apart from the skills you bring to the table , as a freelancer, your reputation is everything. If you miss your deadlines too often your clients will eventually look for more timely candidates who are equally capable of delivering high quality projects. And as a freelancer, your reputation is all you have.So what can you do to avoid missing deadlines and still deliver high quality projects on or ahead of time?First, set your own deadline, significantly shorter than the one issued by your client. Then proceed to break down your project into smaller projects and make sure you meet the deadline for each mini-project. This way even if you miss your own deadline by a little bit of time you are still within the client’s deadlines with even more time to ensure that the quality of the project is up to standard.Yes you might argue that you work best under pressure, maybe so, but that last-minute rush almost guarantees that you will miss the agreed upon deadline and possibly compromise the quality of your work. If this becomes the cas e, you ruin both your client relations, ruining your reputation in the market, and cut down on your chances of securing work in the future.   Deadlines are there for a reason, and clients prefer reliable employees who deliver quality in a timely manner, time after time.Slacking Off‘No matter how you feel, get up, get dressed, and show up.’   Regina BrettYou know one of those days you wake up and just don’t feel like doing anything?Of course you do, even the most successful and hardworking people who just don’t seem to take a day off have them too. The difference is that they have mastered discipline enough to power through this feeling and get themselves into the rhythm to get things done.Yes freelancing allows for flexibility and you can make up for one lazy day on another day but don’t let this become a routine. This will lead to lower and delayed income on your part and a tainted reputation with your client because you’ll definitely miss your deadlines in the process. What can you do to avoid making this mistake?One word… Discipline… Assure yourself that you are not going to slack off at any period that you had scheduled for work unless it is due to an absolutely unavoidable circumstance that inhibits you from working right then.Say… you have a family emergency that you must attend to, or suddenly your computer crashes… solid reasons, but never miss your scheduled work period simply because you ‘didn’t feel like working right then’. Push yourself to get to work when you had planned to no matter how you feel, and as T.D Jakes says, ‘Motivation is Overrated’, get up and start and once you are in the motion you will wonder why you didn’t feel like getting to it in the first place.It might be hard at first, but practice this every time you feel like slacking off and in no time it will come easily to you. However, if you still feel like slacking off, it may be time to reassess your work schedule and see when you are most productiv e in order to make the most profit and maintain good client relationships.EntitlementAs a freelancer, you are more or less your own boss. However, what you may not realize is that this freedom and authority over yourself can go to your head. In fact, in all possibility, you have become a freelancer to escape authority, am I right?However, having no authority can set you up for failure and you may end up feeling entitled, feeling as though you are unique and that the client needs you and the skill you have to offer. And you might be thinking… but they do? Yes, sure they do… but you need them as well. This is a relationship, and like any other relationship, you deserve nothing more than you give, so don’t fall in the trap of feeling entitled. How do you avoid falling into this trap?Focus on cultivating a healthy, mutually respectful, and mutually beneficial relationship with your client. Place focus on the relationship just as much as you focus on the projects that you are worki ng on.You can do this by striving to be a responsible, likable, and dependable person, and in most cases this is often more important than the skills you have to offer because there is always going to be another freelancer out there with equally desirable skills. So what is your unique selling point? What will make the client want to work with you as opposed to others?Work on your attitude, be personable, be understanding, be cooperative, be likable, keep the relationship enjoyable, and always remember no one owes you a thing, you get what you give.Poor CommunicationThis is another detrimental mistake. Poor communication leaves your client feeling worried and out of the loop, wondering whether his investment in you was a waste of time, and in doubt about your dependability and ability to deliver.Like all relationships, good communication is a key element for a healthy relationship. If you want to maintain a great client relationship that keeps both you and your client happy, keep ta lking to them, update them on the progress of the project and any hurdles you might have encountered along the way.Phone them, email them, have online chats and video chats, arrange for regular meetings, and show them why they chose to hire you in the first place. Also keep communication open, where the client can reach you at any time and cultivate a friendly, happy, and approachable communication culture.However, be careful not to overstep to the extent where you give the client the impression that you are unprofessional. Getting too personal with your client could also be detrimental in the sense that one of you might end up getting hurt along the way resulting in a sour and irredeemable relationship. So while communication should be open and friendly, make sure to maintain a nice balance between casual and professional.Staying with a Hostile ClientYes, it’s true; it’s your job to keep the client happy. But this is still a relationship remember?Relationships are a two way str eet and there are many factors that can make a client a bad, or rather the wrong client for you.   This may be inclusive of their working style, their unwillingness to cooperate or assist when there is a hurdle, they’re difficulty, their pay rate, how difficult they are, unreasonably stringent deadlines, their communication style…It could be anything really. What can you do?Be aware that when you choose the wrong client, you will be unhappy, less motivated, make less money, essentially exposing yourself to the toxic work environment that you should be shielded from as a freelancer. Just like clients select freelancers carefully, also select your clients very carefully, do your research on them, observe their communication style at first instance, carefully consider their expectations and then decide if they are the best fit for you and if they are worth the hassle.When you work on your first project, let it be on a trial basis and if you end up feeling that they are not a good f it for a particular reason, talk to them about it and to see how this can be mitigated. If after communicating your concerns they are unwilling to adjust, then it might be time to consider other options.As a freelancer, you know specifically how you are looking to benefit, so the best advice is to internalize on this and decide what kind of client provide it and go for exactly that.No Work-Life BalanceWhen you are a freelancer, its easy to get lost in your work, where all you think and talk about is your business. While your work is absolutely important, letting it take over all your life and going at it every waking hour is not so advisable.Even the most hardworking and focused people need some downtime. When you find your work taking over your life and affecting your relationships with the important people in your life it’s time to review your work schedule.Although freelancing allows you to earn more depending on the hours you put in, it is also unhealthy to spend every waking hour at work. So how can you go about this?Establish a balance between your work and your life and place equal priority on your down time as you do on your work, create time in your schedule to do things you enjoy. Have you ever noticed that your speed and effectiveness reduces with each hour you stay at work? Have you considered that maybe you need a break to refresh your mind? A close friend of mine once told me something I have found to be true, ‘Focus on being productive rather than being busy.’The easiest way to do this is to create a well-balanced schedule. This does not necessarily have to model a 9 to 5 job, you don’t have to take breaks in conventional hours, just make sure your schedule is consistent, regularly reboots your mind, allows you to maintain healthy relationships, and maintains a good productivity level so you get things done more effectively.Breaking PromisesThis is another detrimental mistake you can make as a freelancer. Please do not promise anything y ou are not sure you can deliver. It’s understandable that you want to keep your client happy and prove that you are reliable and efficient but every time you give a client high expectations only to let them down it works against you.You come off as dishonest, inconsistent, and unreliable instead. You begin to acquire a very negative reputation. How can you avoid making this mistake?Sometimes you might be making promises that you think are attainable, but I have found that the most effective way to deliver every time is to first listen to the client and understand what they need.Once you have understood this, carefully consider whether you can deliver and if there are factors that might delay you communicate them immediately to the client and come to an agreement that is comfortable for the both of you.If you find yourself falling behind on a deadline for whatever reason, speak to your client about it, keep those communication lines open, it’s far much better to be honest. Also k eep in mind, it’s always better to under state your delivery and over deliver as opposed to giving high expectations and under-performing.StrategyWe inferred the importance of scheduling earlier… jumping right into work without a plan is one of the worst things you can do. As a freelancer you have no one there to monitor you and it’s easy to fall prey to your own chaotic schedule to the point where you’re not really being efficient in your work. What can you do?A good work strategy does not imply that you have to be behind a screen 24 hours a day, all it means is that you have to create a consistent work schedule based on the hours in which you find yourself being most productive. It makes no sense being behind your computer but feeling so unmotivated you find yourself playing solitaire instead. Everyone works differently so think about what works for you and base your whole work routine on that.A consistent and strategic schedule disciplines both the mind and body to work w hen its time. Set regular work hours and ensure that you stick to them even on days when you may not be feeling driven. Remember, being a freelancer gives you great freedom, but that also makes you your own boss, so keep yourself in check like your supervisor would in an ordinary work setting.‘With great power comes great responsibility.’   Peter ParkerUndervaluing your WorkAnother common mistake made by freelancers is failing to charge enough for their services. While you may be fairly new and inexperienced in freelancing, which may be a contributing factor to a low fee, be very careful not to get exploited by clients. Remember most clients are also conducting their own business and just like any business, they are looking to maximize profit. What to do?Be confident in your skills, be diligent in your work, build your reputation, and demand a fee that’s worth the quality of services you’re providing. Also keep an eye out on the particular market segment that you are working in and familiarize yourself with the competitors’ prices to make sure you’re not being undercut.If you do not figure out the pay you deserve as early as possible, you will grow your career at a slower pace than more aware freelancers and you may even find yourself being discouraged in your work because, let’s be honest, it’s natural for human beings to desire growth and progress in, not just in our careers, but in every aspect of our lives, right?If you feel that you have honed your skills and that you have mastered discipline in your work ethic to a point here you are absolutely reliable, you deserve good pay and don’t be afraid to demand it. Don’t settle for less.Rainy Day FundWhen you’re making more money than you had anticipated, coupled with the apparent job security that freelancing offers you, it is easy to get carried away and spend everything you earn under the notion that, ‘I’ll make more anyway.’Also keep in mind that freelancing isn’t a conventiona l job where you have a fixed salary, freelancing compensation will fluctuate from period to period. One month you will make 500$ and the next you’ll make 100$, what will you do during those tough times if you had not saved for a rainy day?You might argue that the point of making money is to spend it…And at its most fundamental, that is true. However, remember to spend your money responsibly. By spend responsibly I do not mean invest every last dime on investment, it’s okay to spend a little of it on leisure activities, just ensure that the bulk of it is being put to good use, in a way that it can serve you in the future.As a freelancer, don’t just work to survive, work to better your life and make the future even brighter for yourself and your family/future family. Train yourself to set a small amount aside in your bank account and begin a retirement plan, no matter how young you are right now. You have heard the phrase ‘Time Flies’ It’s true. Just like you look back a nd remember being 9 years old, one day you’ll look back at this moment when you’re 60. It’s never too early to start planning for the future.CONCLUSIONTell me… are you guilty of making some of the mistakes we have discussed? I have certainly made a couple of them myself… but that’s how we grow and as mentioned before, the important thing is that we figure out how to avoid repeating them.Being a freelancer is great, don’t be discouraged if you have made mistakes, we are human and we are bound to fall every once in a while. Wake up, get back on the horse and keep riding, the fall is just as fun as the ride if you choose to see the good that can come out of it.Making mistake doesn’t mean that you have failed, keeping up with the mistake is what will lead to failure. The key to success in the freelance world is identifying the mistake, evaluating it, and taking steps to ensure that the mistake doesn’t happen again.This article does not guarantee that you will never mak e a mistake again as a freelancer but it does make you aware of the most common mistakes that freelancers, including myself, have made in the past so you can hopefully avoid making the same. The advice given here will help you shelter your reputation to a large extent, protect your freelance business, and enable you to grow faster than your counterparts who were not fortunate to receive such invaluable advice.Note, however, that these are not the only mistakes you can make as a freelancer. Monitor your clients’ needs and ensure that you are constantly and consistently delivering on those needs. This is the only way to avoid making other mistakes that may not have been included in our discussion. It is your job to keep the client happy and satisfied… and it is also your job to ensure that you’re satisfied with the arrangement that you and your client have.You increase your chances of success every time you fix a mistake. Do not wait for a mistake to really affect your work for you to wake up. Catch your mistakes before they become a real issue for your freelance career. Use the guidance of this article to catch your own mistakes and take action today. You deserve the life you dream of… avoid these common mistakes and you will thrive as a freelancer, which will propel you towards the achievement of your goals both in career and in life. Good luck!

The Purpose of a Cancer Registry - 1149 Words

What exactly is the purpose of a cancer registry? What does a Cancer Registrar do? In this paper I will highlight the aspects of what a cancer registry is, what it entails and what a cancer registrar’s workflow consists of. I had the opportunity to complete my field study at AMG Long Term Acute Care Hospital which is located on the 8th floor in the North tower of IU Ball Memorial Hospital. While at AMG I had the chance to see firsthand how both AMG and IU Ball Memorial handle their cancer registry and learn what it was all about. First let’s cover what exactly a cancer registry is. â€Å"The purpose of a cancer registry is to provide documentation of cancer care. Most knowledge about cancer has been obtained through registries.† (Gress) A cancer registry basically takes and inputs all the cases of cancer that are reported, along with treatments and the results of those treatments. Why though do they do this you may ask? Well without all of this information we m ight know the most effective way to treat a certain type of cancer, if the treatment is working and how that treatment is affecting the patient, so they can then see if they need to make changes. Some questions that might be answered by compiling all of this information is: â€Å"Are more or fewer people getting colon cancer this year compared to last year? Is there a certain area of the state where women are finding out they have breast cancer at a late stage, when its harder to treat? What groups of people are most likelyShow MoreRelatedCareer Path For Certified Tumor Registrars1304 Words   |  6 PagesUNC Healthcare as the Cancer Accreditation Analyst where I oversee all aspects of the cancer accreditation processes and procedures and work closely with all oncology staff and physicians to insure compliance with the Commission on Cancer (CoC) Standards. 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These data types cover a large range of media also Administrative data: Associated with the EHR, they contain discharge data to be reported to governement agencies.(13) Suzanne M Cadarette suggested that these data serve billing purposes, but may provide insights into healthcare delivery, benefits, harms and costs.(14) The U.S. Department of Health Human Services through their Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) summarizes a few examples as such: â€Å"Common data elementsRead More Health Problems and Your Food Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesMethemoglobinemia can cause comas, convulsions, and cyanosis (a blue or purple discoloring of the skin due to lack of oxygen) According to the Agencey for Toxic Substances Disease Registry not only are you at risk for Methemoglobinemia, but you are eating your way to potential cancer. â€Å"Elevated risk of non-Hodgkins lymphoma and cancers of the esophagus, nasopharynx, bladder, and prostate have been reported† (Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Nitrate/Nitri te ToxicityWhat Are the PhysiologicalRead MoreDylan Hollan . 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Comorbidity is defined as having either a secondary physical illness and/or a mental disorder diagnosed prior to the initial cancer diagnosis. Psychosocial riskRead MoreA Career as a Radiology Techniologist Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pagescentury. â€Å"Radiology Technologist works in various places taking diagnostic imaging examinations for patients, whi ch are x-rays, magnetic resonance imaging, and mammography.† (eHow) This job is one of the few in the world that can give the risk of cancer to the rad-techs. And is stilled one of the most needed in the medical field. Radiology Technologist needs to understand computers and what the x-rays show, and how to set up a patient for and x-ray to be taken. Radiology Technologist are one ofRead MoreDescribing the Patterns and Financial Cost of Hospital Resource Utilization by Children with Leukemia 709 Words   |  3 Pagesidentify if there was a financial correlation between children with Leukemia and CNS tumors during 3 years after treatment, and a financial correlation between the children who lived and the children who died. The researchers clearly identified the purpose of the study, which was â€Å"to describe the patterns and financial cost of hospital resource utilization by children with leukemia and CNS tumors during the first three years after diagnosis†¦and cost between children who died within 3 years of diagnosis

Marijuana Should Be Legal Everywhere Essay - 1681 Words

Former United States President Thomas Jefferson once declared, â€Å"Hemp is of first necessity to the wealth and protection of the country† (â€Å"Thomas Jefferson†). Unfortunately, many modern political leaders are not as enthusiastic as Jefferson regarding the beneficial uses of hemp and marijuana. Hemp, as well as marijuana, originates from the Cannabis plant. Surprisingly, marijuana dates all the way back to 2700 B.C.; where it is first mentioned in a Chinese herbal and is said to have many strong values. Regrettably, a majority of countries applied strict limitations on the substance by the late 1960’s. With those restrictions came harsh retributions involving sales and possession of the substance. As time passed, research of medicinal†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, it is proven fact marijuana frequently contributes aid to the struggles which accompany several severe illnesses. For example, marijuana treats the side effects of the treat ment of AIDS. Vomiting and nausea are significantly reduced, as well as appetites being increased (qtd. in â€Å"Marihuana: The Forbidden Medicine†). The substance also assists with intense effects which come from chemotherapy. Constant feelings of nausea are diminished and stomach sensitivity is lessened. Those who have used marijuana, while undergoing cancer treatment, have experienced better results than when using brand name medications. Not only does it help with the effects of treatment, in some cases it stops the disease from progressing or happening (qtd. in â€Å"Ibid†). In epilepsy patients who used cannabis, it allowed them to reduce their dosage of other medications and in some cases prevented the epileptic seizure from occurring in other patients (Kubby and Rosenthal 68). Another indisputable reason to legalize Marijuana is its use as an alleviator of pain. Those who must suffer with Multiple Sclerosis felt a lessening of spasticity, as well as mu scle pain. Secondly, people who suffer from Glaucoma felt relief of pressure, and it is even reported to have put a halt to the progression of the disease (Kubby and Rosenthal 69). Marijuana is virtually cleansing the poisons outShow MoreRelatedWhy Marijuana Should Be Legal Everywhere1557 Words   |  7 Pagesunique stance on any controversial subject, and marijuana is no different. Marijuana is a very important topic of discussion especially in the current election season. The drug is discussed on television, social media, and virtually everywhere on the internet. In the article â€Å"This Is Why Marijuana Should Be Legal Everywhere† associate viral content editor for The Huffington Post, Renee Jacques, challenges traditional notions of the prohibition of marijuana by brilliantly using rhetorical appeals to persuadeRead MoreJail Time For A Fair Crime?1295 Words   |  6 PagesJail Time for a Fair Crime? Pot, weed, dope, Mary Jane are some of the few names that the infamous drug, marijuana is known by. Marijuana has been smoked for many years now. This drug has gotten so popular amongst high schoolers and college students. Even the President of the United States has smoked pot once in his life. This drug’s popularity has increased over the years that some states have even legalized the drug, due to it being so popular. However, with the use of such an illegal drug comeRead MoreMarijuan Is Everywhere1011 Words   |  4 Pageshear about marijuana all the time, from the morning news to the newspapers you read during the day. Everywhere you look there is something about marijuana, someone being arrested with it, or stories about how it should be legal. Marijuana is a big part of today world where you want it to or not, it is everywhere. In the news a person can hear about the war on drugs that was started back in the1970’s by President Nixon and although it is a war on all illegal drugs the major one is marijuana. It is theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pageswhether or not marijuana should be legalized. There are numerous reasons for and against legalizing marijuana, some say that the government can tax it, some say that it helps with certain medical conditions. People also say that it is not a gateway drug and does not lead to drug abuse. Then there is the question of should we legalize it now even though there is no way to test the levels in your blood at a routine police stop. There are some really good points as to why marijuana should be legalizedRead MoreThe War On Marijuana Should Be Legalized915 Words   |  4 PagesNO THANKSUSE THE APP Marijuana Coker Ashley Coker Mrs. Petti 4th Period 30 September 2015 The War On Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used drug in the United States. However it has the singular distinction of being both a commonly used illegal substance and also a legally prescribed medical substance for mentally ill patients in many states. â€Å"Marijuana has been scientifically proven to reduce pain in patients suffering from conditions like Rheumatoid Arthritis.†(Drug Policy Alliance)Read MoreA Recent Drug Policy Alliance Report Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesPolicy Alliance report found that Colorado, Washington, Alaska and Oregon have all benefited from a dramatic decrease in marijuana arrests and convictions, as well as increased tax revenues since the adult possession of marijuana became legal. At the same time, these states did not experience increases in youth marijuana use or traffic fatalities (DPA). Legalizing marijuana will provide an increase in our economy. The first step is that the government needs to stop copiously funding the war onRead MoreMarijuana: Good or Bad?1032 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Marijuana: Good or Bad? There has been a major debate on if marijuana should be made legal. Statistics show that about 443, 000 people die every year due to a tobacco related illness and there has been no evidence to support that there have been fatalities that are marijuana related. Tobacco is harmful to the lungs and can cause lung cancer, bronchitis, and emphysema. Jacques and van Luling (2013) explained that in 2010, 38, 329 people died from drug overdoses. Sixty percent of those wereRead MoreLegalization of marijuana789 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography The topic I chose is the legalization of marijuana. My research was enjoyable because I love reading on a topic that I fully support and agree with. The four sources I found are very persuading and contain strong points. I used the web for research but as I found sources, I made sure they were credible sources since this is such a debatable issue. Jacques, Renee. This Is Why Marijuana Should Be Legal Everywhere. The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 24 Oct. 2013. WebRead MoreWhy Marijuana Should Be Legal1604 Words   |  7 PagesAll through life, everybody is informed that, Marijuana is awful for you, over and over. A few individuals don t generally comprehend the reasoning behind it, however despite the fact that pot is completely legal in a couple states, it is still surrounding us everywhere; legally or not. Individuals all around the globe wonder why it s not legal all around. Can anyone explain why this drug is illegal for everyone, everywhere throughout the world? Cannabis in the United States of America has beenRead MoreChristian Worldview On Legalization Of Marijuana754 Words   |  4 Pagesf. Christian Worldview on Legalization of Marijuana While a majority of individuals in the United States may believe that marijuana should be legal, the support among Evangelical Protestants (32%), Catholics (39%), and Mainline Protestants (45%) is much lower. The majority of Christians in America would say that they do not believe that anyone should use marijuana and that it should not be legal to purchase the drug. The problem with this view is that it mixes two different issues together, whether

Should Divorced Parents Remarry Free Essays

OUTLINE I. Introduction Thesis statement: divorced parents should not remarry for the following reasons. II. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Divorced Parents Remarry? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Body A. Divorced parents remarry which will have negative impacts on their children 1. Children will be placed in a complex situation. 2. Parents’ remarriage will give children pernicious influences on their behavior and study. B. Divorced parents will face complex relationships when they remarry 1. Stepparents will get into troubles with stepchildren. 2. Stepparents have to face unresolved issues related to the first marriage. C. Counterargument and refutation. 1. Counterargument. a. Children might have a perfect family with both mother and father which help them mature. b. New spouses in stepfamilies may have strong and harmonious marital relationship. 2. Refutation. a. Remarriage has negative effects on children. b. There are many conflicts happening in stepfamily. III. Conclusion Because of the above reasons, it is better for divorced parents not to remarry. Should divorced parents remarry? Remarriage of divorced parents is always a controversial issue in our modern society. Some of divorced parents choose remarriage as another chance or hope with a new family while many others decide to become a single parent. As making the decision to remarry, divorced parents have to choose a new partner who is suitable not only for them but for their children as well. Havemann and Lehtinen (1990) quoted a sociologist, ‘the difficulty which remarried family must wrestle may be tremendous’ (p. 280). Divorced parents can get into big troubles which people in first marriages will never foresee. In our opinion, divorced parent should not remarry for some rationales. Firstly, divorced parent remarriage is mainly responsible for children’s stress, depression, severe behaviors and bad schoolwork. Children not only can be the unwitting victim of a network of jealous and angry people but also suffer from conflict of loyalty. A study cited by Lutz (as cited in Strong, Devault Sayad, 1998) showed that many children felt stressful and worried because they were put in difficult predicaments. For example, a teenage girl felt heavily stressed. Although she lived with her mother and stepfather, she had to spend her weekends with her maternal grandparents and her paternal grandparents. She was always asked to report what happened at the other place and guard secret about it (R. H. Lauer J. C. Lauer, 2007). Moreover, Visher and Visher (as cited in Devault et al. , 1998) see that many children in the stepfamilies who suffer the conflict of loyalties and loss of love from their parents can be in a state of great anxiety, confusion and they could behave unpredictably. In addition, according to Wallerstein and Kelly (as cited in Schwartz Scott, 1994), remarriages of divorced parents not only cause children’s tension but also affect their study. The boys, for instance, had negative attitudes and did not concentrate on study in school because their father and stepmother refused to send their biological mother money (Havemann Letinen, 1990). Secondly, remarried parents will face stepchildren’s disputation and unresolved issues related to the first marriage. Children at any age tend to oppose and begrudge their stepparent, a newcomer in their family (Lauer Lauer, 2007). In fact, they usually show their distrust, suspect, and resentment toward their stepparent. Even when stepmother try her best to be closed to stepchildren and satisfy their needs, the stepchildren still do not accept her as their real mother since they think that she is trying to replace their biological mother (DeVault, Sayad Strong, 1998). By any cost, children try to â€Å"drive a stepparent out of the home† (Havemann Lehtinen, 1990, p. 82). As a result, remarriages indeed have been devastated and disrupted by teenage stepchildren (Havemann Lehtinen, 1990). Besides, not only stepchildren but also ex-spouses can be a complicated problem with remarried couples. Especially, former marital habits have a negative impact on the rapport between new spouses (Schwartz Scott, 1994). A woman in her 30s, for example, told some troubles about her remarriage. Her husband bought her a nice nightgown, however he had a ritual of buying small size which fit his ex-wife but it did not fit her. Similarly, she also had a mistake that she called her current husband by her ex-partner’s name (Havemann Letinen, 1990). In addition, keeping in touch with ex-spouses is inevitable. For instance, Sager and his associates reported that Mrs. Prince was annoyed because her husband has some calls continuously with his ex-wife many times a day for problems involving his biological children (Lauer Lauer, 2007). Opposing people may claim that divorced parent remarriages may help the children to recover from emotional trauma of their parent’s divorce. Furthermore, on account of becoming older and more experienced than in the first marriages, new spouses in stepfamilies might have strong and harmonious marital relationship. However, as stated previously, parent remarriages put the children in a problematic position and cause their emotional troubles. For stepdaughters, both Hetherington and Joshua Fischman (as cited in Schwartz Scott, 1994) found that they experience more depression and have more negative behaviors. Besides, there are many conflicts happening in a stepfamily, which affects new spouses’ harmony like stepchildren’s disagreement and relationships with ex-spouses. Children’s behaviors have negative effects on the marital rapport, namely they act against stepparents and make a resentful atmosphere (Schwartz Scott, 1994). Furthermore, stepsibling relationship is also one of the biggest problems in stepfamily because it can lead to stepsibling rivalry (Schwartz Scott, 1994). As a result of such disharmony, â€Å"it is often difficult for remarried family to feel like a real family† (Schwartz Scott, 1994, p. 389). In conclusion, complicated problems with stepchildren and ex-spouse and negative impacts on children are two most severe issues in remarriage. Both the quality of the marital relationship and the stability in remarriage are poor. The statistics indicate that divorce people who remarry have a higher divorce rate than those in first marriages (Schwartz Scott, 1994). Therefore, to our view, it is better for divorced parents not to remarry, which benefits both them and their children. Words: 852 * References DeVault, C. , Sayad, B. W. , Strong, B. (1998). The marriage and family experience (7th ed. ). Belmont, Wadsworth publishing company. Havemann, E. Lehtinen, M. (1990). Marriages and families (2nd ed. ). Englewood cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Lauer, R. H. Lauer, J. C. (2007). Marriage family (6th ed. ). New York: Phillip A. Butcher. Schwartz, M. A. Scott, B. M. (1994). Marriages families. Englewood cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. How to cite Should Divorced Parents Remarry?, Papers

Building a Passive Wine Cellar Essay Example For Students

Building a Passive Wine Cellar Essay A cellar may be humble or grand, large or small. But if it is to qualify for name, it must achieve three things. It should be dark, it should be free of vibration and, above all else, and it should reduce both daily and seasonal temperature variations to a minimum. Ideal Cellar ConditionsThe siting, or placement, of your wine cellar within your home is your first major decision. There are four components of ideal cellar conditions: an absolutely constant temperature, varying between neither day and night nor summer and winter; substantial humidity; a very cold mean temperature; and the absence of air movement (let alone any movement of the bottles). The first two factors are of major importance; the third is important but needs to be taken in context, while the last is of least importance, but needs to be mentioned. Consistency of temperature is more important than the degree of temperature. Temperature variations is harmful because it leads to the expansion and contraction of the wi ne in the bottle, hastening the ingress of oxygen and thereby oxidation. Ullage is the air space present in a bottle of wine between the cork and the surface of the wine. In old wines it is fairly reliable indication of likely quality: the greater the ullage the more suspect the wine. Excessive ullage indicates a loose cork, widely or frequently fluctuating storage temperatures, or low humidity (Gold 31). Some ullage with age is inevitable, but anything more that 12 mm (1/2 inch) per decade is avoidable. Excessively high relative humidity inevitably leads to mold. The carbohydrates in your wine cellar: cork stoppers, paper labels, paper surface of the drywall, and wooden shelves can all become mold food (Alexander). Wines:Best Kept in the DarkWhen no one is in the cellar, it should be kept in pitch darkness. Fluorescent or other forms of electric light have little or no effect over short, intermittent periods. Light-bodied white wines and champagnes are far more sensitive to light than are red wines, and special care should be taken to protect these (Bramhall). The serious cellar should be just that: a cellar. It should not be a general entertaining or show-off area for a large number of people to congregate in. Firstly, the very presence of a dozen or so guests will significantly increase the circulating air temperature; and secondly; the temptation to pick up and fondle the prized bottles of the cellar is almost irresistible. On the other hand, the presence of the proprietor alone has a markedly soothing effect both on the proprietor and, the wines. (Rizzo) Inhabitants of the CellarA large cellar (more than 200 bottles) should be inspected carefully at least once a month, as nature is equipped with a disturbing attack of vandals. The cork moth is a more commonly encountered pest, which can threaten an entire cellar (Rizzo). The cork moth is like any other moth. Its presence is usually indicated by fine, wispy strands of excrete hanging from the end of the bottle, just like that of a woodborer. Small borer like holes may be seen in the cor ks if the capsules are removed. The only answer to get rid of them is to hang pest-strips permanently until all signs of activity cease. Wine stored in cardboard cartons is subject to silverfish activity (Rizzo). (Silverfish cardboard eating bug) One might think that the silverfish would confine their attentions to the cardboard containers, but quite evidently the labels offer a change of diet. The common chemical methods (insect sprays, and so on) usually bring a speedy end to such an invasion once it is noticed ( Rizzo). Rats can find their way in and proceed to chew through lead capsules, seeking the glue and/or minute residues of dried wine for food ( Rizzo). There is no damage to the wine itself, but the appearance of many old treasures is irrevocably impaired. Keep traps around the wine racks to avoid this from happening and remember to make periodic inspections. Ideal Storage TemperatureThe one requisite that has general consensus among wine authorities is that the ideal sto rage temperature is 55 F (13 C). The

Letter free essay sample

Dear Nissim Mordehay, I can only imagine of what the painful and terrible things you have been through. There are so many questions that run through my head, but so little time to consider answering them all. Now I understand that you were born January 8, 1932 in Thtiman, Bulgaria. You were also the son of Mina and Behor Mordehay, and you were nine years of age during the hohcaust, when Bulgaria allied its self with Germany. You also had a younger sister named Lida,she was 5 years old. I also read that your family had owned a very large store that sold textiles and clothing. This building was so large that you and your family hat to give the first floor to the police deparment, which the town jail was in the basement. Your family was surrounded by non-jews but very wellknown and respect ed by them. There. was a law by Adolf Hitler passed by the goverenment for all jews to wear the yellow star . We will write a custom essay sample on Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But from what I read , you and your sister did not have to wear the yellow star because, you and your sister were under age. There is a quetion I would like to ask, how did you feel when knowing that other childeren had lost their parents to Adolf Hitler, did at least one thought of you loosing your parents ever cross your mind? Did you ever tell your mom or dad that your cusinswere literally tororing you and your little sister lida for being able to attend a public school? Did you ever feel isolated from the world , when you were told you would not be seeing your former friends at school anymore? There was a n intersting part in your lifestory that I loved. IT was about how the of Bulgaria actually fighting in behave of the 20,000 jews who ordered by Hitler to be sent to concentration camps in poland, in the year 1943. By January 1944, massive allied boming of Bulgaria began. But The Jews Of Old, Bulgaria were saved due to the courageous defince of the King Of Bulgaria and his peop le. I believe that you are extremly fortunate to be able to live and survive that horrible and terrifing event. You must be filled with great joy and happyness. Knowing that you lived in a country that was able to protect you and your beloved family!!

Loneliness in John Steinbeck s Novel “of Mice and Men “ Essays

Loneliness in John Steinbeck s Novel â€Å"of Mice and Men â€Å" Essays Loneliness in John Steinbeck s Novel â€Å"of Mice and Men â€Å" Paper Loneliness in John Steinbeck s Novel â€Å"of Mice and Men â€Å" Paper Essay Topic: Of Mice and Men Of Mice and Men is a powerful and moving novel by John Steinbeck, telling of two men following their dream of independence in the midst of the Depression. The story begins in the foothills of Salinas, California, in the middle of the Great Depression. Throughout this entire novel, there are many examples of loneliness. Steinbeck stresses the theme of loneliness through the characters working on the ranch, particularly Crooks, Candy, and Curleys wife. George and Lennie are two ranch hands that travel together, with George watching over the mentally inferior Lennie. When they start work at a new ranch, several different characters are introduced. One affliction that seems to face several characters is loneliness, created by factors such as the character’s lifestyles and by social standards of the time period. The book begins with a calm and peaceful setting of nature. ‘A few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops close to the hill-side and runs deeps and green. The water is warm too, for it has slipped twinkling over the sands in the sunlight before reaching the narrow pool. This shows the peaceful world of nature, it is very calm and tranquil. The pool shows signs of innocence, as it are only a branch of the Salinas River. The river is a sign of the secrets and the future in nature and the novel. The deep green makes it unable to see the riverbed; this shows signs of a faint and perhaps a dangerous view of the future. Despite the movement and the motion of the river, there are still signs of loneliness; there is only the c yclical of nature. The language Steinbeck uses to describe the setting is sophisticated and formal. Steinbeck’s theme that loneliness is unhealthy and dangerous to a person’s well being is emphasized throughout the novel. This underlying theme is first introduced in the novel when George talks to Lennie about the advantage they have over other travelling workers of the time. Steinbeck presents the theme of loneliness through the characters. The language he uses to describe the landscape and characters show signs of loneliness. The character’s past reflect their loneliness and the death of both Candy’s dog and Lennie create the major theme of loneliness. Nature and animals play a large role in the story, the main comparison of man and nature is when Lennie is described as a bear. George described how other ranch hands like themselves who travelled alone had nothing to look forward to, and no one to look after them. He told Lennie how other workers would just work up a stake and blow it at a bar because they had no where else to go, no one else to look after them. George and Lennie share a bond so strong that when one is destroyed, the other inevitably is as well. Steinbeck often stresses how ranchers are loners, and George and Lennie are the only ones who travel in pairs. They seem to be two halves of the same person, and they know how special together they truly are. Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world They got no family. They dont belong no place They aint got nothing to look ahead to With us, it aint like that. We got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us . George appreciates Lennie’s friendship because he knows that being alone can lead to a more negative view on life. Towards the end of section one, before George and Lennie reach the ranch, they camp for the night in a beautiful clearing and George assures Lennie of their special relationship. In this passage, George explains their friendship, which forms the heart of the novel. One of the first friends they make on arrival at the new ranch is a man named Candy. Candy is another character who deals with loneliness. He is the oldest man on the ranch and is disabled. The only work he can do is cleaning out the bunkhouse and other odd jobs. His only companion is his old dog who stays by his side. His only company, his faithful, old, blind, toothless dog, is stripped away from him and killed. Now left with nothing Candy fears that he will be treated the same way in the future and begs Lennie and George to let him work on their future ranch. Candy says, I wont have no place to go, an I cant get no more jobs. Candy says this because he knows after he gets canned he wont have anything to live for, he will just live out in the country all by himself. After Carlson shot Candy’s dog, reality hit because he can’t work because of his missing hand and he lost his only friend he had for years. When candy was ease dropping on George and Lennie’s conversation about their future plans when they get enough money, he was eager to join and help out because he had nothing left at the ranch for example â€Å"I’d make a will an’ leave my share to you guys incase I kick off, cause I ain’t got no relatives nor nothing† (59). This quote relates to loneliness because once Candy dies, he doesn’t have no family or friends to leave his belongings to and there’s nothing else on the ranch Candy can do so he might as well leave with George and Lennie. Crooks is an African American who experiences loneliness and isolation in the ranch. First of all, Crooks fascination to George and Lennies friendship demonstrates his loneliness and solitude. As Crooks says hesitatingly, If you guys would want a hand to work for nothing- just his keep, why Id come an lend a hand. I aint so crippled I cant work like a son-of-a-bitch if I want to. (76). Crooks shows that he can do everything to be with others. Crooks aspires to find a friendship by joining the dream of George and Lennie, to live off the fatta the lan' (14) with them. This is Crooks desperate attempt to make friends and be with others in order to overcome the loneliness and isolation he faces in the ranch. Moreover, the the jealousy and curiosity of George and Lennies friendship lead to Crooks desire to make friends with Lennie. Crooks expresses his loneliness and anguish to Lennie, A guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody. Dont make no difference who the guy is, longs hes with you. I tell ya a guy gets too lonely and he gets sick. (72). Curley’s wife is one of the loneliest characters in the novel; she has no identity, she is seen as an object, a possession of Curley’s She wants attention and by gaining that attention, she act the way people think. Curley’s wife tries to talk to somebody besides her own husband, whom she can never find, but everybody in the ranch refuses, due to her husband’s reactions and anger problems when somebody tries to talk to her. She likes to dress up and wear a lot of make up, to attract the men. The men on the other hand do not flirt with her, as they are afraid of what Curly might do. For example Curley’s wife was trying to talk to Lennie when he was alone in the barn but Lennie refuses because George warns him about her. â€Å"I get lonely, you can talk to people but I can’t talk to nobody but curly† (87). This quotation relates to loneliness because no one, not even Lennie, will have a conversation with Curley’s wife and that’s all she pleads for. Like Curley’s wife, Crooks also has no name, it is just a nickname the other ranch-hands use because he is crippled. He is intelligent and very well organised; he has his own room where he keeps his books and possessions. For him, his room is a haven or an oasis. ‘For, being alone, Crooks could leave his things about†¦this room was swept and fairly neat, for Crooks was a proud, aloof man. ’ This shows signs of isolation, as there is no one to comment on the tidiness of his room. He feels isolated and bitter. He is the victim of oppressive violence and prejudice on the ranch. When he first meets Lennie, there is an immediate rejection of friendship mainly due to the anguish of his loneliness. ‘Well, I got a right to have a light. You go on get outa my room. I ain’t wanted in the bunkhouse, and you ain’t wanted in my room. ’ He does not know that Lennie is unlike the other men, he has been criticised and made fun off, so he does not appreciate the company of others until he gets to know them and their attitude towards him. He tells Lennie of his hopes of having some one to talk to. ‘I tell ya a guy gets too lonely, an’ he gets sick. ’ He admits to feeling isolated, he wishes for a friend to talk to. For a moment, Lennie seems to be a new friend, Lennie sees Crooks as an individual, a person in his own right. Crooks respects him for this and is excited about his new companionship. Again the reader only finds this out when Crooks tells Lennie about his feelings. Crooks admits to not having a dream as he is afraid of disappointment, he does however get caught up in working with George and Lennie in the dream farm. His hopes are shattered by George’s dismissive attitude. ‘I didn’ mean it. Jus foolin’. I wouldn’t want to go no place like that. ’ The lonely characters feel they can confide in Lennie, as they know he will not tell anyone. Crooks is treated as an outcast due to the perspective of race and black people of the time. Black people were seen as outcasts that had no right to mix with the whites. Curley is a small ex-boxer. He is one of the most violent characters on the ranch. He hopes that by being violent and aggressive towards the weaker characters, he will gain authority. He however avoids those he considers to be strong and with authority, such as Slim. He sees everyone with a lower status and sees people as a ladder. Through this novel, Steinbeck illustrates the loneliness results from racial discrimination and prejudice in ranch life during that time period. He demonstrates that the extreme loneliness would eventually lead to peoples desperate attempts at making friends. Loneliness, is humans major enemy that caused by discrimination and prejudice among humans. Only friendship can prevent humans from suffering from loneliness.

Financial Advisor Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Advisor - Assignment Example I intend to achieve this by offering financial advice on issues related to college funding, retirement plans, buying or selling a house, running a business, insurance, marriage or career plans, defining savings goals, creating an investment portfolio, tax preparation, estate planning, and dealing with a financial crisis, among others. I am a keen learner and do believe that knowledge is the biggest power to bring about a change in the world. Additionally, equipped with strong marketing and networking skills, I consider myself apposite to work as a financial advisor and proactively contribute to the society. Testaments to this are my memberships in different relevant committees such as National Association of Realtors, Colin County Association of Realtors, National Association of Professional Women, Professional Standards Committee and a graduation from Texas Realtor Leadership Program, to name a few. I enjoy networking with and learning about people. Having attended over ten conventions and seminars, I intend to foray into the domain of a financial advisor, with a bundle of new ideas and commendable people skills. Having established myself as a finance professional with superior problem-solving ability, exemplary research skills, and considerable experience in analysis of large sets of data in asset/wealth management roles to expedite and maximize investment gains, I deem myself a good fit as a financial advisor. I have expertly handled complex negotiations to close deals, influence change and drive parties towards desired outcome. Besides being highly motivated and organized, I excel in communication skills, computer skills, reports and presentations and possess expertise in Microsoft Office and over twenty transaction platforms/sources. My key technical skills and abilities include real estate asset management, auction and bankruptcy, property valuations, foreclosures and short sales, broker price options

The global cold war in Latin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The global cold war in Latin America - Essay Example Another important factor that helped to protect Latin America was the defeat engineered by Fidel Castro in Cuba. It was of great importance since it helped in determining how the united states would come up with policies and how they would be implemented. The policies were concerned with mainly the social and economic welfare of the people. Furthermore, the Defeat by Fidel Castro saw the alienation of American companies in the whole Latin America. This was a drawback to the United States and as he signed pacts and treaties that benefited the economy and military of his country.Cold war in Latin ends with the end in Fidel Castro’s revolution. At the moment, the Latin America had little or no support from the neighboring nations that is Moscow and United States. Since it became an isolated place, it sized to be the strategic point after the cold war. In the end, it becomes of no value to the two countries, which implied that they attained little help in building their political and economic pillars.Rwanda, Somalia, and Yugoslavia are among the many countries that have experienced instances and situations of mass violence. Many other countries were being affected by mass violence at an alarming rate and this resulted in the emergence of support organizations such as United Nations Conventions for the prevention and punishment of the crime of Genocide.The United Nations had to take action especially after the mass violence genocide in Rwanda and the ethnic killings in Yugoslavia.

Analysis of Apple and its marketing strategies

Analysis of Apple and its marketing strategies This report analyses information and facts on the apple iPad in relation to the product itself and the marketing strategies of Apple. It provides an over view of the product such as the brand, pricing and application. The report focus on the identification and development of the primary target markers to create a profile which will help explain the product life cycle of the iPad. In Australia both models of the iPad were released in May 28, 2010 this report will cover both of these. Apples iPad is already huge. In fact, after just its first quarter of sales, its already the companys third-biggest business segment. In the June quarter, the iPad business generated $2.2 billion of revenue for Apple. Thats more than Apples iPod business generated last quarter $1.5 billion. (Though the cheaper iPod obviously had larger unit sales.) And its almost half as big as Apples 26-year-old Mac business, which put in its best quarter ever at $4.4 billion. Very impressive. And the fact that the ipad and Mac can apparently coexist is especially good news for Apple. Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-of-the-day-ipad-ipod-mac-2010-7#ixzz0xOXGC2sE Frommer (2010, p.1 of 4) Introduction This report has been prepared to provide facts, details and information relating to the Apple iPad. The best way to experience the web, email, photo and video. Hands down. Apple (2010, p.1 of 7). This quote is taken from Apples website on the iPads features, it shows the way Apple has chosen to market and present the iPad as the one shop for an ever changing environment in which we are always on the move. 2.0 Overview 2.1 The Brand The growth of Apple around the world has led to expantial growth in sales of Apple products since the start of the company on April 1, 1976 .The Company was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne, with Ronald selling his share in the company back to Jobs and Wozniak for $800 in 1977. From 1976 until 1982 Apple released three personal computers, these were all over priced and werent taken up by the market. Then Apple released its iMac along with its new g laptop range as Steve Jobs returned and we also saw an increase in 1996 of the share price to $24.19 followed by another substantial increase in 1998 with the release of the iMac, shares hit $41.00. 10 Jan 2006 15à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³ Macbook Pro and iMac 28 Feb 2006 Mac mini 24 April 2006 17à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³ Macbook Pro 13 May 2006 13à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ³ Macbook 7 Aug 2006 Mac Pro Below is the Apple Product Timeline (Wikipedia, 2010, p1) This timeline of Apple products is a list of all stand-alone Apple II, Macintosh, and other computers, as well as computer peripherals, expansion cards, software, ancillary products, and consumer electronics sold by Apple Inc. in order of introduction date ( Wikipedia, 2010, p1). 2.2 The iPad The Apple iPad was released on two different dates depending on the model you wanted: the Wi-Fi model (U.S.) April 3, 2010  (2010-04-03) and Wi-Fi + 3G Model (U.S.) April 30, 2010. It was released May 28, 2010 worldwide with pre order numbers going into the thousands. The Technical Specifications are as following: -Wireless and cellular support with the production of two different models one with wireless and cellular and one with just wireless. -Apples own 1 GHz Apple A4 chip this is the same used in the iphone 4. The storage in the iPad is 16 64 GB of Flash storage; flash is the fastest current storage method in terms of types of hard drive Bluetooth 2.1 802.11n this is the latest standard of wireless technology with transfer rates of up to 600 Mbit/s being achieved Speaker, microphone and 30-pin connector 9.7 inch IPS LED backlit LCD combined with 10 hours of battery life Half an inch thick Accelerometer and Compass and Assisted GPS and Digital Compass (3G version only) 3G UMTS/HSPDA and GSM/EDGE data (optional) 3.5mm headphone jack VGA out support or AV out via dock connector and converter cable. Warren (2010, p.1 of 5) 2.3 The applications use in everyday life There has been a huge push in the applications available for the iPad with the main updates coming in games that rely on the motion senses in the iPad, social networking applications such as flip board and the last area is business applications such as filemaker. The games are one of the reason the iPad had been such a great success with the world market. This is because people are now looking for new ways to entertain themselves when they are moving around during their day whether this be on trains and buses or when they are waiting for events to start. The iPad is able to play games in high definitions this creates a better and sharper image for the user with games such as Real Racing HD and Touch grind HD. The social network craze has hit the western world with Flipboard, a so-called social magazine viewable on tablet computers that offers content drawn from online social networking sites.  The Apple iPad is said to be the ideal means of reading Flipboard.  McCue is said to wa nt to make technology simple and Flipboard does this for online social networking by making it more accessible. This app pulls links, photos and events directly for social network sites which puts every that people view and look for very day in one place making life simpler. The business side of the iPad is greatly increasing as well with apps like filemaker a Mac database manager. Michaels (2010) the CEO of Apple stated The iphone may fit in your pocket, and the iPad may not be much larger than a hardcover book, but FileMaker thinks it can fit an entire database application on each device.   This evolution of being able to access your data bases and edit it on the fly via 3g wireless connection has huge advantages such as increasing productivity, efficiency and effectiveness. Its easier to carry and offers longer battery life than most notebooks which allows it to work well with other apps like macpractice. Macpractice is a Mac package that has all the needed and extra features f or a doctors office. These are some of the reasons I believe that the iPad is slowly becoming a must have product in the 21st century. 3.0 Primary Product Markets 3.0 Product Markets The Apple iPad has come into the market as a niche product but all at a risk to one of Apples largest markets their laptops. This is because the iPad doesnt really seem to sit anywhere as it is not quite a smartphone and so far not your laptop. So what is the Apple iPad being marketed as , my understanding is that it is being marketed as a product to be used wirelessly for business needs to improve productivity and effectiveness or for personal needs such as having a common calendar or phonebook and step-by-step videos. 3.1 Demographic The Definition: a statistic characterizing human populations (or segments of human populations broken down by age or sex or income etc.) The demographic of the iPad is complicated because the people buying them are sometimes not the ones necessary using them. The typical person buying ipads are upper class men and women, can be people with one or more incomes and usually aged between 24-40 years old. The other variables such as family size, race, ethnicity and education do not matter with this product. This is because the main barrier stopping people from purchasing this product is the price. With iPod touch prices at A$289.00 for an 8gb and the cheapest macbook(laptop) coming in at A$1249.00 and a iphone 16GB is A$ 859.00 and the cheapest ipad is A$629 for a 16gb Wi-Fi model. This is why Apple released the ipad to be the in between for a iPod touch and macbook. 3.2 Geographic The Definition: study of the earths surface; includes peoples responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation. The geographic of the iPad is very similar to most technological products with the main market sales being in capital cities with high population areas the highest users and purchases of iPads. Below is a table of shops that stock the sale of iPads in Perth. Shop Name Number of Stores Online store Apple Store 1 Yes Dick Smith 3 yes Next Byte 2 no ProByte 1 yes PRA Imaging 1 Yes T4 Technology 1 No MAXstyle 1 Yes David Jones 1 No Jb Hi-Fi 10 Yes Mac Worx Joondalup 1 No Winthrop UWA 1 No XCITELOGIC PTY LTD 1 No Domayne 1 No Myer 1 No total 26 3.3 Psychographic The Definition: any attributes relating to personality, values, attitudes, interests, or lifestyles. There is definitely a high psychographic variable involved in the purchase of an iPad, this comes mainly from lifestyle and motives being the biggest push for people to want to purchase this product. Apple focuss a lot of time and resources into making the iPad seem like it is a need rather than a want, with many online advertising campaigns and TV adverts. These all help to create the need for the iPad and appeal to the personal attributes of the customers. An example of this type of advertising is the Apple iPad Commercial TV Ad (Official) HD on YouTube listed below: 3.4 Behaviouristic The Definition: an approach to psychology focusing on behaviour, denying any independent significance for mind and assuming that behaviour is determined by the environment. The behaviouristic variables of the iPad are the pricing sensitivity, brand loyalty and benefit expectations, these are key in how the iPad has been able to reach such high sales targets. Buskirk E (2010) One million ipads in 28 days thats less than half of the 74 days it took to achieve this milestone with iphone, said Apple CEO Steve Jobs This quote from Steve Jobs show just how explosive the launch of the iPad was, most of these sales were by Apple addicts. These are people who compulsory buy Apple products and have very high brand loyalty with very little price sensitivity and high benefit expectations of achieving a new or high social status by owning the newest Apple gadget .The next lot of buyers in the months after have higher benefit expectations these people that believe they will be given a social status or hierarchy by owning an iPad. 4.0 Product life cycle (PLC) There are five distinct stages in the product life cycle: product development, introduction, growth, maturity and decline. This model is used to show the sale and profit stages or patterns in a products life cycle from finish to end. 4.1 Product Development This is when the company starts to develop and work on a new product idea or range; during this stage sales are zero with the company having to invest all the capital behind the product. During this stage of the product I would keep the product idea/range a secret because of how many other companies are looking to enter the market and with the Amazon kindle and Tablet pcs already having been released the iPad would need to be kept under wraps. 4.2 Introduction As a new product much time will be spent by the organisation to create awareness of it presence amongst its target market. Profits are negative or low because of this reason. My understanding is that the iPad skipped this stage because of Apples already large dedicated customer base and with the combination of Apples marketing strategies which they do very well. 4.3 Growth If consumers clearly feel that this product will benefit them in some way and they accept it, the organisation will see a period of rapid sales growth. This I believe is currently where the iPad is now with sales slowing down from the introduction phase but still rising and new features in terms of software updates such as reduced cost of games and applications through the introduction of iADs an advertising platform built into the ios 4 this is the operating system that the iPad currently runs on. At this stage you would want to keep up your marketing strategies and start to lower prices as at the start Apple used a price skimming technique because it was a monopoly market but as competitors enter the market this will push out and slow down the entrance of competition. 4.4 Maturity Rapid sales growth cannot last forever. Sales slow down as the product sales reaches its peak as it has been accepted by most buyers. At this stage you want to be using product mix pricing strategies, this will most likely be in the form of product line pricing, by releasing a new and updated version of the iPad or by optional product/service pricing. In Apples case this would be extended Apple care warranty or by combining the sale of the iPad with other Apple products to compliment the use of the iPad just as Apple wireless router the air port extreme. 4.5 Decline Sales and profits start to decline, the organisation may try to change their pricing strategy to stimulate growth however the product will either have to be re-modified, or replaced within the market. Conclusion

Cat in the Rain

Review on Cat in The Rain of Ernest Hemingway A couple of Americans traveled in Italy. At the hotel, on a raining day, the wife found a cat crouched in the rain and wanted to take the cat and possess it. She went out and searched the cat in the rain, to find it had gone. Coming back, she told her husband her wish to change her hair style and was turned down by her husband. After her several other wishes were also turned down, a waitress of the hotel knocked the door, at the demand of the hotel owner, and sent her a cat. These are the main plots of Hemingway’s novel, Cat in The Rain. Main characters in the story are the American wife and her husband. Hemingway’s purpose of writing this novel is to illustrate the relationship between the couple. But when focusing on the simple but meaningful story, it’s easy to get confused, or even worse, get nothing out of it. In this novel, as many people have pointed out, there are many metaphors. Like the cat and the rain. These metaphors could lead us to the theme. In the very first paragraph, we can see that the description is showing the state of the couple’s relationship: at first it was once quite nice, just like the beautiful scene outside, and when it’s raining, their relationship got cold, too. And also, readers can find three symbols: the sea, the garden and the war monument, which can be seen in the American couple’s room. Compared with the sea, the garden is much delicate. In some cases, the garden may be washed out by the sea at ease. The garden is at the mercy of the sea. This scene, together with the monument, illustrates the background of the novel. As for the monument, it’s the symbol of conflict and sacrifice. This symbol indicates that a â€Å"war† is ahead. We would have a better understanding in the following paragraphs. The first scene in the room is the out-looking wife and her husband who is lying on the bed. Viewing this, the relationship of the couple is obvious to readers: they do not enjoying a happy life. The wife is eager to run away from her husband. While her husband, the American man who is reading on the bed, is giving pressure on her wife. And he would like to lie on the bed comfortably and read the book. The book is a â€Å"wall† between him and her wife. It’s a barrier that prevents communication from these two persons. Along the spreading of the story, the focus turns to a cat, a cat in the rain. The American wife finds that the cat is crouching under a table, trying to avoid the rain. Thus there is a kind of connection built up between the woman and the cat. In fact, the cat reflects the woman’s situation. Both of them are under some kind of troubles and have nothing to do on their troubles: the cat can’t change the weather, just like the wife has no influence on her husband at that time. In similar situation with the cat, the woman goes out, trying to get it when finding the poor cat. While being out and searching for the cat, she can’t find it. It has gone. It’s making its effort to flee. Whether it has run away from the rain, it has gone. Anyhow, the cat’s result is a good sign. The cat is gone, but the woman has to come back. The conflict between her husband and her hasn’t come to an end. The woman comes back and makes her new effort to make some changes. She even sits on the bed, trying to communicate with her husband. But she fails. Her husband is still reading. She comes up with some other demands, desperately. But her husband still ignores her wish for change. It’s getting dark. Their relationship is getting dark, too. The woman’s efforts do not work. Her wish to transverse her husband’s influence breaks down. Suddenly,there is a change. The light comes on the square outside the window, and the change for the American woman comes, too. She is sent a big tortoise-shell cat. It doesn’t matter whether this cat is the cat in the rain several minutes ago. It’s just a symbol of change for the woman. It’s not enough for the woman. It’s just a beginning. What she wants is not just a cat. She wants to change. Anyhow, it’s a good sign, too. Also,the using of words shows some attitudes, too. The different titles of the cat, like the kitty; and that of the woman, like the girl. These different addresses show the childish characteristics of the woman. This feature shows that her inferior statue comparing with her husband. All in all, the main problem of the story is their relationship: the husband controls all affairs, while the wife’s failure of trying to make a change. However, there is still a sign of change at the end of the story, which shows the author’s hope for future.

The View of Scholar on the Kingdom of God

by David W. Baker. It is posted with permission from the author. I. Introduction The Kingdom of God has been one of the dominant topics of New Testament study in this century. The reason is obvious. Many scholars, both conservative and critical, regard the kingdom of God as â€Å"the central theme† of Jesus’ public proclamation. 1 In fact, a plethora of monographs has poured forth since Johannes Weiss and Albert Schweitzer made the case that Jesus’ teaching was profoundly Jewish, drenched in intense eschatological hope. This new view contended against nineteenth century views, which moralized the kingdom and made it palatable to modern taste by arguing it was merely an expression of ethical sensitivity raised up in the hearts of men. In contrast, Weiss and Schweitzer argued that Jesus’ claim for the kingdom anticipated God’s stark intervention in the very near future that would reshape the creation. The view became known as â€Å"consistent,† â€Å"thorough-going† or â€Å"imminent† eschatology.For Weiss, the kingdom was purely religious, not ethical; purely future, not present in any way. The Kingdom would be God’s final miracle with Jesus functioning in his current ministry as Messias designatus. 3 For Weiss, Jesus believed that he would one day become the Son of Man. At first, Jesus believed that this would occur during his lifetime, and later in his ministry, he anticipated it to come shortly after His death. 4 It is a heritage that Jesus believed he possessed, though he had not yet entered into it.For Schweitzer, Jesus expected the end to come at first in his ministry. As he sent out the twelve in mission (Matthew 10:23), he believed that before they finished their tour of the cities of Israel, the Son of Man would come and bring the kingdom. Its appearance would mean the end of the present age, and he would be transformed into the Son of Man. When the disciples returned from their mission with out this taking place, Jesus’ hopes of the end changed. It would take suffering, his own suffering, for the Kingdom to come. His death would bring the Kingdom. Though very different than Schweitzer, the oldest dispensationalists also stressed the Jewish roots of kingdom hope and placed its ultimate expression, as originally expressed through the hope of Israel’s scriptures, strictly in the future, what they referred to as the â€Å"kingdom of heaven. † Whatever relationship Jesus’ work in the present had to the kingdom, it was part of a previously unrevealed â€Å"mystery† that made its current expression something istinct from what had been promised to Israel and distinct from what was to come one day in fulfillment. This distinction between what would happen for Israel one day and what happens to the church today was a major element in the traditional dispensational distinction between Israel and the church in the plan of God. However, in the mid dle of this century, that clear distinction was somewhat blurred, though how it worked precisely was never agreed to or clearly set forth as four separate views were espoused. Unlike Schweitzer, these dispensationalists, saw no â€Å"error† or â€Å"change† in Jesus’ understanding, but like him they regarded the promise of the future to be so rooted in Jewish hope and so grand in its scale that nothing Jesus did currently could be seen as the fulfillment of that great promise of old. For both classical and revised dispensationalists, the mystery introduced into the kingdom program, conceived in various ways in this century, represented an â€Å"intercalation† in the kingdom program of God, distinct from the hope given to Israel.So throughout this century, the idea that kingdom hope was richly Jewish and pointed strongly, if not exclusively, to the future has been prominent in New Testament theology, whether conservative or not. 7 As we shall see, this emp hasis on the future form of the kingdom is well grounded in biblical hope. Other views also have emerged in this century. Two approaches were like the nineteenth century â€Å"romanticized† efforts to redefine the kingdom in ways moderns could embrace.So efforts were made to demyhtologize Jesus’ image of the apocalyptic Kingdom into either an existential claim for a crisis decision (Bultmann) or to turn kingdom language into a mere metaphorical symbol of hope and transformation (Wilder and the later Perrin). 8 Both of these attempts, representing more liberal readings of Scripture, tried to redeem the kingdom concept by redefining it. However, two other approaches seriously sought to engage the biblical text and assess the model Weiss and Schweitzer introduced.These two other main views of the kingdom in this century have reacted to the â€Å"strictly future† model of the kingdom in two very diverse ways. One view, associated with C. H. Dodd, opted for a reading that the Kingdom hope was totally realized in Jesus’ ministry. 9 This became known as â€Å"realized† eschatology. The other, rooted in the work of Werner Kummel, R. H. Fuller, and Joachim Jeremias, argued that the view of the kingdom had both present and future elements. 10 This became known as the â€Å"already/not yet† view of the kingdom or eschatology in the process of realization. † In fact, Jeremias in his conclusion to his volume on the parables closes this way, â€Å"In attempting to recover the original significance of the parables, one thing above all becomes evident: it is that all the parables of Jesus compel his hearers to come to a decision about his person and mission. For they all are full of ‘the secret of the Kingdom of God’ (Mark 4. 11), that is to say, the recognition of ‘an eschatology in the process of realization. The hour of fulfillment is come, that is the urgent note that sounds through them all. †11 Th is view was made famous in evangelical circles by George Ladd. 12 It is probably the most prominent view currently in New Testament circles at large, both conservative and critical. It is known as â€Å"inaugurated† eschatology. 13 The kingdom was inaugurated or was dawning in Jesus’ words and deeds, but its consummation was yet future. As we shall see, there are also good reasons why this view is held.I lay out this â€Å"map† of views at the start, because the issue of what the kingdom is, when it begins, and how it proceeds have been the key questions in this century. But treating the theology of the kingdom involves far more than these questions, as we hope to show and survey. In fact, I hope to consider a series of issues tied to the kingdom. They include: (1) Linguistics and the Kingdom in Jewish Expectation: A Static or Tensive Symbol; (2) Kingdom as Apocalyptic (Imminence; Remaking of This World Into The Age to Come or Renewing This World in This History or Both); (3) Kingdom: Present, Future, or Both? (4) Defining the Kingdom: â€Å"Dynamic†Ã¢â‚¬â€œGod’s Powerful Presence in Rule (God in Strength) or â€Å"Realm† (Church, Israel, World, or â€Å"Eschatological†) or All the Above; (5) The Kingdom and Ethics; (6) Beyond the Term Kingdom (Messiah, Spirit, Son of Man, Salvation, Gospel, Overcoming Satan and Sin); (7) Kingdom outside the Gospels (Why Is The Term Less Prevalent? ); and (8) So What? : The Kingdom and Today. So not only is the kingdom theme an important New Testament concept generating a rich history of discussion, it is also one of the most complex topics in Scripture. II.The Kingdom, Jesus, the Hebrew Scriptures, and Second Temple Jewish Kingdom Hope: A Static or Tensive Symbol? When Jesus used the expression â€Å"kingdom of God,† how much of its meaning can we assume he and his audience shared? This becomes an important question because the expression itself, surprisingly, is totally absent in the Hebrew Scriptures. 14 Here is a case where the study of an idea has to move past a study of the set phrase to get anywhere. The idea, however, is more frequent. 15 Yahweh is King (1 Sam 12:12; Ps. 24:10; Is. 33:22; Zeph. 3:15; Zech. 14:16-17). He rules over Israel (Exod. 15:18; Num. 23:21; Deut. 33:5; Is. 43:15).He rules over the earth or the creation (2 Kings 19:15; Is. 6:5; Jer. 46:18; Ps. 29:10; 47:2; 93; 96:10; 145:11, 13). He possesses a royal throne (Ps. 9:4; 45:6; 47:8; Is. 6:1; 66:1; Ezek 1:26). His reign is ongoing (Ps. 10:16; 146:10; Is. 24:23). Rule or kingship is His (Ps. 22:28). It is primarily God’s special relationship to Israel that is in view here as the Son of David is said to sit on Yahweh’s throne (1 Chron 17:14; 28:5; 29:23; 2 Chron 9:8; 13:8). When Israel was overrun by the nations, a longing existed that one day God would reestablish his rule on behalf of his people and show his comprehensive sovereignty to all humanity.After all, God had committed himself to David concerning a dynasty of duration (2 Sam. 7:13). It is here that the hope of a future kingdom of God, made not with hands, came to be contrasted with the kingdoms of men in Daniel 2 and 7. It is in the context of such expectation that Jesus used the term â€Å"kingdom of God. † What was hoped for was something that had existed in the past, but only as a mere glimpse of what had been promised–a rule to come involving total peace for God’s people. In sum, Kingdom hope by the time of the Babylonian captivity is driven forward by the vision of the fullness of God’s rule showing up one day.It was to this hope that Jesus preached. Such a hope had been nurtured in some circles of second temple Judaism. 16 The kingdom became linked (sometimes) to the messianic hope, but (always) to judgment of the nations, and vindication of the saints. Some Jewish documents, content with the current arrangement, do not reflect any such hope. The concept is expressed with some variety, but central to its expression is that God will assert his comprehensive rule (1 Enoch 9:4-5; 12:3; 25; 27:3; 81:3).God’s powerful presence will involve the removal of Satan’s influence (Assumption of Moses 7–10). He will destroy his enemies and free his people. These enemies are described in both earthly terms, like the Romans in Psalms of Solomon 17–18 and 2 Baruch 36-40, and in spiritual terms, where Belial stands among the evil forces who will be defeated (1QS 3–4). Often the coming of the kingdom was seen as preceded by a period of intense upheaval and tribulation (Sib. Or. 3:796-808; 2 Bar. 70:2-8; 4 Ezra 6:24; 9:1-12; 13:29-31; 1QM 12:9; 19:1-2). The cry of the prayer of 2 Macc. :24-29 summarizes well the hope of deliverance. The call was for God to deliver and vindicate his people. The text of Psalms of Solomon 17–18 gives the most detailed expression of messianic hope in all the texts, though the idea of kingdom in this period of Judaism did not always entail a messianic hope. 17 In fact, sometimes the Messiah is seen in very earthly terms as in the Psalms of Solomon, while in other texts, he clearly possesses a more transcendent power (1 Enoch 37–71) or has a seeming mix of the two (4 Ezra 7:28-29; 12:32-34; 13:26).Thus, associated with the consistent idea of God’s coming comprehensive and vindicating rule for his people is a complex and varying array of sub-themes tied to the kingdom’s coming. In Judaism, there was no unified view of the kingdom beyond the hope of God’s powerful coming and vindication. It is important to appreciate that it is into this somewhat confused backdrop that Jesus preached this hope. This complex background raises the question could Jesus use the phrase and really be understood? More importantly, in presenting his understanding of the idea represented in the kingdom could he assume an understanding of the term by hi s audience?Given the paucity of Old Testament use of the phrase and the variety of details attached to the hope within Judaism, Jesus needed to explain his usage in order to be clear. It is this complexity that raises the issue of whether Jesus’ use of the term was â€Å"static† (steno) or â€Å"tensive. † 18 Norman Perrin posed two options. Did Jesus use the term one way all the time with a fixed referent (steno)? Or was his use of the term something that he used with symbolic force but that could not be contained in one referent alone (tensive)?We opt for a third possibility, did Jesus’ use operate within a fixed parameter, which he filled with a variety of detail because of the richness of the base concept he was defining and detailing (tensive yet with a steno-like base)? 19 How one approaches Jesus’ terminology will impact how one reads it. Four factors favor this third option. First, the number of and variety within the gospel kingdom sayings placed alongside the paucity of older references in the Hebrew Scriptures suggests that Jesus is developing the concept along additional lines from what the Old Testament taught.However, Jesus’ respect for that revelation means that he is not altering the concept, but developing and complementing it. We hope to show the variety within his teaching that validates this point. Second, the very consistency of the fundamental image within Judaism means that a basic understanding of kingdom did exist on which Jesus could build. It is God’s kingdom and rule that is presented as the hope. The sheer number of texts that discuss judgment and vindication under this theme both in Scripture and in later Judaism show that Jesus works with a given understanding at its base.Reflection taking place within Second Temple Judaism represented attempts to put the hope of Scripture together in terms of the details. Jesus both accepts and rejects elements of these reflections. Third, this id ea that Jesus works with a rarely used Old Testament term and yet develops it using larger categories of scriptural teaching has precedent elsewhere in his own use. Jesus does the same type of thing with the Son of Man concept. That description of a human invested with eschatological authority appears in Daniel 7 (note the conceptual overlap with the kingdom theme–Dan. is a key kingdom text). Jesus takes this one image and uses it as a collection point for his christology. In the same way, Jesus takes the kingdom concept and uses it as a collection point for both soteriology and eschatology. 20 Fourth, the very confusion of detail within Judaism of Jesus’ time demanded that he take this type of approach to the concept. Here was a phrase that basically did not exist in the Old Testament. However, by Jesus’ time, multiple concepts swirled around it, even though its basic meaning was well established.The phrase clearly sought to summarize a major strand of Jewish h ope, yet it needed defining. Its absence in the Old Testament gave Jesus room to make it a helpful synthesizing concept. Its familiarity and importance within Judaism, because of the hope it encapsulated, made it a key term to nail down. The very diversity in its contemporary usage required that Jesus explain and develop the term. Thus, as we turn to Jesus’ use, we can expect that on the one hand he was referring to a hope his audience understood in its most basic terms, but something that also needed more detail and development.